The art of port security: balancing security, compliance and operations
In a port, security is never separate from daily operations. People need to access the site, vehicles need to move and goods need to reach their destination. The challenge is to protect the facility and meet ISPS requirements without creating unnecessary obstacles to that flow.
In my work with port operators, I have seen how closely these priorities are connected. A measure can look effective on paper, but it also needs to work for the people applying it, day after day. That is why I believe good port security depends on the right combination of people, procedures, organisation and technology.
I am Arne Peleman, Managing Director Rombit Europe. Drawing on my experience in maritime and industrial security, these are five challenges I regularly encounter when discussing security with port facilities.
1. Managing access without slowing operations
Access control is about knowing who is authorised to enter, where they may go and under which conditions. But in a busy port environment, it also needs to account for shift changes, contractors, drivers and visitors. In my experience, the best approach combines clear access procedures with technology that supports the daily flow instead of complicating it.
2. Identifying vulnerabilities in a changing environment
Port facilities are complex, and risks are not static. Changes in site layout, traffic patterns or working practices can introduce new vulnerabilities, from unauthorised access to theft and intrusion. Regular assessments help identify where controls need to be reinforced, adapted or made more practical for the teams on site.
3. Maintaining ISPS compliance and keeping the PFSP up to date
ISPS compliance is not a one-off exercise. A Port Facility Security Plan (PFSP) should reflect how the facility actually operates, including changes to its infrastructure, processes and risks. I see the most value when operators treat the PFSP as a working document: reviewing it regularly, updating it when circumstances change and checking that the procedures are understood and followed in practice.
4. Making security part of everyday behaviour
Technology can help detect and manage risks, but it cannot replace an alert and well-prepared team. Security works when people understand their role, procedures are realistic and responsibilities are clear. Training, awareness and practical exercises are therefore just as important as cameras or access control systems. They reveal whether the organisation can respond effectively when an incident occurs.
A secure port is not simply a port with more barriers, cameras or rules.
5. Ensuring continuity and expertise in the PFSO role
The Port Facility Security Officer (PFSO) has a central coordinating role, but the responsibility goes well beyond maintaining a plan. It includes following up on changes to the PFSP, organising exercises, preparing for audits, coordinating stakeholders and ensuring that security measures remain effective over time. This requires both specialised expertise and continuity.
Not every facility has the same in-house capacity for that ongoing work. Dedicated PFSO support, or an external PFSO where applicable requirements allow it, can provide the necessary follow-up and experience while keeping responsibilities and communication clear.
Security that works in practice
What I have learned is that a secure port is not simply a port with more barriers, cameras or rules. It is a facility where security, ISPS compliance and operations reinforce each other. If a procedure cannot be followed during a busy shift, or a security measure consistently disrupts essential movements, it deserves another look.
A strong security approach starts with understanding the site and involving the people who work there. From that foundation, procedures, organisational responsibilities and technology can be aligned, reviewed and improved as operations evolve.
At Rombit, we support that work through ISPS consultancy, risk assessments, security technology, training and PFSO expertise.
